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The walnut/butternut group (Juglans
spp.) contains 15 species which grow in South America [6], Eurasia [4] and
North America [6]. The word juglans is the classic Latin name of
walnut, meaning nut of Jupiter.
North American species of Juglans
:
- Juglans californica-California
black walnut, California walnut, claro walnut, southern California
walnut
- Juglans cinerea a,b
-butternut
- Juglans hindsii-California
black walnut, hinds black walnut, northern California walnut
- Juglans major-Arizona
black walnut, Arizona walnut, little walnut, Mexican walnut,
western walnut
- Juglans microcarpa-Arizona
walnut, dwarf walnut, little walnut, Mexican walnut, river
walnut, Texas black walnut, Texas walnut, western walnut
- Juglans nigraa
-American walnut, American black walnut, black walnut,
burbank walnut, eastern black walnut, eastern walnut, gunwood, Virginia walnut
acommercial species
binformation available on a separate fact sheet
Distribution
Black walnut is native to the eastern
United States, from southern Minnesota east to Pennsylvania, New Jersey,
New York; south to South Carolina, Georgia, Florida, Alabama; west to
Texas; and north through Oklahoma, Kansas, Nebraska, and South Dakota.
The Tree
Black walnut trees reach heights of 120
ft (37 m), with a diameter of over
3 ft (1 m).
The Wood
General
The sapwood of black walnut is nearly
white, while the heartwood is light brown to dark, chocolate brown, often
with a purplish cast and darker streaks. The wood is heavy, hard, and
stiff and has high shock resistance.
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Mechanical
Properties (2-inch standard)
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Compression |
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Specific
gravity
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MOE
x106 lbf/in2
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MOR
lbf/in2
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Parallel
lbf/in2
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Perpendicular
lbf/in2
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WMLa
in-lbf/in3
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Hardness
lbf
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Shear
lbf/in2
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| Green |
0.51 |
1.42 |
9,500 |
4,300 |
490 |
14.6 |
900 |
1,220 |
| Dry |
0.55 |
1.68 |
14,600 |
7,580 |
1,010 |
10.7 |
1,010 |
1,370 |
aWML
= Work to maximum load.
Reference (59).
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Drying and Shrinkage
| Type
of shrinkage |
Percentage
of shrinkage
(green to final moisture content) |
| 0%
MC |
6%
MC |
20%
MC |
| Tangential |
7.8 |
6.2 |
2.6 |
| Radial |
5.5 |
4.4 |
1.8 |
| Volumetric |
12.8 |
10.2 |
4.3 |
References:
0% MC (98),
6% and 20% MC (90). |
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Kiln Drying Schedulesa
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Stock |
| Condition |
4/4,
5/4, 6/4 |
8/4 |
10/4 |
12/4 |
16/4 |
| Standard |
T6-d4 |
T3-D3 |
T3-D3 |
T3-C2 |
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(6, 86). |
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Working Properties:
Black walnut is straight grained and easily worked with hand tools and by
machine. It finishes beautifully and holds paint and stain exceptionally
well. It also glues and polishes well.
Durability:
Rated as very resistant to heartwood decay-one of the most durable
woods, even under conditions favorable to decay.
Preservation:
No information available at this time.
Uses:
Furniture, fixtures, cabinets, gunstocks, novelties, interior paneling,
veneer.
Toxicity:
No information available at this time.
Source: US Forest Service
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